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This Collaborative Framework paves the road in strengthening working relationships between the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) at different levels resulting in a win-win for both partners. It is a milestone towards strengthening participatory development and local governance in the long-run. MoHP

A Five-year National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) for the period between July, 1997 and June, 2002 was instrumental in initiating a new wave of IDD elimination efforts in the country. The Plan prioritized Universal Salt Iodization (USI) as the primary intervention to improve iodine status while reducing reliance on iodine supplementation, which had been in place earlier.

Over the last decade, Nepal has achieved significant progress in reducing the under five mortality rate. The reduction in under five mortality rates has been possible through effective child health programmes such as improved coverage and addition of newer vaccines in the national immunization programme, sustained high coverage with Vitamin A supplementation and deworming and expansion of the programme of community based integrated management of childhood illnesses.

क्षयरोगबाट प्रभावित व्यक्ति तथा समुदायसम्म क्षयरोगको गुणस्तरीय सेवामा सर्वव्यापी पहुँच वृद्धि गर्दै क्षयरोगलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न‘ राज्यको जिम्मेबारी हो।यही जिम्मवारी बहन गर्नका लागि यो राष्ट्रिय रणनीतिक योजना (ल्बतष्यलब िक्तचबतभनष्अ एबिलल्क्ए) तयार गरिएको हो। यस रणनीतिक योजनामा नेपालको संविधानको भावना, विद्यमान स्वास्थ्य नीति तथा रणनीतिहरू, क्षयरोग सम्बन्धी अन्तर्रा्िष्ट्रय प्रतिबद्धताहरू, क्षयरोगका बिरामी तथा प्रभावित समुदायको अधिकारहरूलाई आत्मसात गरिएको छ । यस रणनीतिका ेकार्यान्वयन नेपालको वर्तमान संङ्घीय व्यवस्था अनुसार स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको संरचना मातहत केन्द्र प्रान्त र स्थानीय तहमा राष्ट्रिय क्षयरोग नियन्त्रण कार्यक्रमको संरचना चुस्त बनाई कार्यक्रमको कार्यान्वयन गरी क्षयरोग सेवालाई सर्वव्यापी पहुँचमा पु¥याइनेछ ।

Over the past two decades, the high levels of maternal mortality in developing countries has increasingly been recognised as an urgent public health concern. The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is to improve maternal health, with the target of reducing the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters, by 2015. The Government of Nepal (GoN) is committed to achieving this goal and safe motherhood has been a national priority for Nepal.

In accordance to the announcement of the House of Representative 2063, this act has been formulated within the first year of announcement to rehabilitate the people with mental disorders in the society by taking timely care of the mental diseases and safeguard the fundamental rights of persons with mental disorders.

Planned development in Nepal began in 1956. From the beginning the main focus of national development policies has been on the development and expansion of basic physical infrastructure and social services. Around 70 per cent of the development budget funded under external aid programmes was invested in these core areas. Development partners have played a key role in helping plan policy and development goals, which tend to follow prevailing global paradigms and practices. Keeping with the global trends, the development paradigm prioritised growth over redistribution. It assumed that growth would subsequently trickle down to transform the lives of the downtrodden. 

Central to Nepal’s National HIV and AIDS Strategy 2006-2011 is the call to scale up universal access to prevention, treatment, care and support. This is a continuation of the National HIV and AIDS Strategy 2002-2006 that remains strongly in accordance with the aim to accelerate Nepal’s response to HIV and AIDS in order to stay ahead of the epidemic. To carry this out, a National Action Plan on HIV and AIDS 20062008 was developed through a multisectoral participative consultation. A successor plan is necessary for sustaining the gains achieved in past years, addressing the gaps and emerging challenges, and responding to the changing needs and realities that Nepal faces in relation to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.

Proven and evidence-based interventions are of paramount importance for achieving the national target of halving new HIV infections. Understanding the dynamics of the HIV epidemic through systematic evidence is critical for addressing the knowledge gaps for an effective policy and planning decisions in response to HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) and its partners, therefore, developed the National HIV Research Agenda to inform research gaps and to enhance quality, coverage and effectiveness of HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services in Nepal. 

Human beings need to have adequate nutrition to attain normal physical growth (in children) and for a healthy life. Adequate nutrition is a fundamental right for every human being. If people fail to consume sufficient quality and quantity of nutrients, they will suffer from hunger or malnutrition. Malnutrition takes a variety of forms. The main types of malnutrition seen in Nepal are protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, iron deficiency anemia and vitamin A deficiency. In particular malnutrition places an enormous burden on children and women. Even mildly or moderately malnourished children and women are more likely to be at high risk of death due to lack of resistance against common infectious diseases. The above types of malnutrition not only affect people’s health but also affect the quality of life and the development of the socio-economic situation in the country.

The Government of Nepal (GoN) has a long history of commitment to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes, most recently evidenced by the high priority given to the National Safe Motherhood Programme within the Nepal Health Sector Programme Implementation Plan (NHSP-IP 2004-2009).  Despite important gains over the past 15 years, the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates remain high (539 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births1 and neonatal mortality rate of 39/1000 live births1), largely due to the lack of skilled attendance at birth, as well as poor referral systems and lack of access to life-saving emergency obstetric care when complications occur.

This revised National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Long Term Plan (NSMNH-LTP) 2006-2017 has been developed to be in line with the Second-Long Term Plan Health Plan (1997-2017), the Nepal Health Sector Programme Implementation Plan and Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The revision takes into account recent developments such as the increased specific emphasis on neonatal health, recognition of the importance of skilled birth attendance in reducing maternal and neonatal mortalities, health sector reform initiatives, legalisation of abortion, recognition of the significant levels of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS and increased emphasis on equity issues in safe motherhood services.

The estimation and projection conducted in 2013 estimated that Nepal has approximately 40,723 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and prevalence of HIV was 0.23%1. This also projected that the overall HIV epidemic in Nepal is on a decline. Modelling suggests that new infections continue to reduce from 1,437 in 2011 to 818 in 2015. The ART need in 2012 was projected to be 26,876 while 860 HIV positive pregnant women were estimated to require PMTCT services.

Malaria continues to be a public health priority in Nepal with a national aim of a malaria-free Nepal by 2026. The country has surpassed targets set by the Millennium Development Goals and is positioned to eliminate indigenous malaria transmission.  The  modified malaria strategic plan 2014-2025 presented here takes into consideration the results of  microstratification of malaria risk areas-2012, the midterm program review 2013, the current epidemiology and updated WHO guidelines, particularly for vector control and insecticide resistance management. This plan has inherent Government of Nepal’s commitment and seeks appraisal of external development partners, including the Global Fund, for possible external funding and technical assistance.

Advocacy plan provides comprehensive guidelines to the concerned advocacy group/s to concentrate their efforts to ensure change. It explains the major issue that need to be addressed by the advocates as the specific target area on which advocacy needs to be continued. The advocacy group/s should be clear on their goal and objectives that help them to be focused, persistent and to have patience in their efforts. Similarly, the advocacy group/s should also identify the advocacy partners who can influence the change and take collaborative actions.

नेपाल सरकारले प्रत्येक गा.वि.स. स्तरमा स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरु मार्फत प्रतिकारात्मक, प्रवर्धनात्मक र उपचारात्मक स्वास्थ्य सेवाहरु जस्तैः खोप, परिवार नियोजन तथा सुरक्षित मातृत्व, क्षयरोग, कुष्ठरोग आदि निःशुल्क प्रदान गर्दै आएता पनि उपचारात्मक सेवातर्फ वर्षैभरीको लागि गुणस्तरीय औषधीको अभाव हुने तथा सर्वसाधारण विरामीहरुले दर्ता शुल्क तिर्नुपर्ने जस्ता कारणले गरीव, अतिगरीव, असहाय, अपांङ्ग, जेष्ठ नागरिक र महिला सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य स्वयंसेविका तथा ठूलो हिस्सा ओगटेका दुर्गम भेगका विरामीहरुले सेवाको उपभोग गर्न नपाई रहेको यथार्थलाई राज्यले महसुश गरी दोश्रो जन आन्दोलन २०६२÷६३ पछि गठित सरकारले सो मर्म अनुरुप राष्ट्रिय निशुल्क स्वास्थ्य सेवा कार्यक्रम लागु गरेको हो।

In 2000 the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and WHO set the goal of eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) by 2005 and drew up a strategic plan with this objective. MNT elimination is defined as the achievement of under one case of neonatal tetanus (NT) per 1000 live births annually in every district of a country. In 1990, by which date MNT had been eliminated in 76 developing countries, it was estimated that there were 560 000 cases. By 2000 there were estimated to be 238 000 cases, and 104 developing countries had achieved elimination

मुख स्वास्थ्यलाई विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठनले मुख एवं अनुहारको दुखाई, मुख तथा घाँटीको क्यान्सर, मुखको संक्रमण, जन्मदै तालु तथा ओठ चिरेको (खुँडे), गिजा सम्वन्धी रोग, दाँत किराले खाने तथा झर्ने, दाँतमा प्वाल पर्ने तथा अन्य मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरुवाट मुक्त हुने अवस्थाको रुपमा व्याख्या गरेको छ । मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरुको रोकथाम गर्न सकिने भएता पनि विश्वभरिका धेरै मानिसहरु यस रोगवाट प्रभावित छन् । मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरु विशेषगरी दाँत किराले खाने, गिजा सम्वन्धी रोग, मुखको क्यान्सर विकसित र अल्प विकसित सवै देशहरुमा जनस्वास्थ्य समस्याको रुपमा स्थापित भै सकेकोछ ।

आम नागरिकको स्वास्थ्य र देशको समग्र विकास बीच अन्योन्याश्रित सम्बन्ध हुन्छ । स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा भएका प्रगतिहरूलाई विकासका प्रमुख सूचकाङ्कहरूको रूपमा लिइन्छ । विगतका दशकमा गरिबी र द्वन्द्वका बावजुद पनि नेपालले स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा उल्लेखनीय सफलता हासिल गरेको छ ।  नेपालको संविधानले स्वास्थ्यलाई जनताको मौलिक हकको रूपमा स्थापित गरिसकेको सन्दर्भमा सङ्व्रmामक रोगहरू नियन्त्रणमा प्राप्त उपलब्धिहरूलाई कायम राख्नु,नवजात शिशु तथा मातृ मृत्युदरलाई वाञ्छित तहसम्म घटाउनु, बढ्दै गएको नसर्ने रोगको प्रकोप नियन्त्रण गर्नु र कुनै पनि बेला हुनसक्ने स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धि विपद् व्यवस्थापन तत्काल गर्नु, जेष्ठ नागरिक, शारीरिक र मानसिक अपाङ्गता भएका, एकल महिला, खास गरी गरिब, सीमान्तकृत र जोखिममा रहेका समुदायलाई  गुणस्तरीय स्वास्थ्य सेवा उपलब्ध गराउनु राज्यको दायित्व हो । जनउत्तरदायी एवं कुशल व्यवस्थापनको माध्यमबाट आवश्यक सबै स्रोत र साधनको अधिकतम् परिचालन गरी प्राप्त भएका उपलब्धिहरूको रक्षा गर्दै स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा  विद्यमान तथा नयाँ चुनौतीहरूलाई सही ढङ्गले सम्बोधन गरेर नागरिकको स्वास्थ्य प्रवद्र्धन, संरक्षण, सुधार र पुनस्र्थापन गर्न राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति , २०४८ लाई पूर्ण रुपले अद्यावधिक गर्दै राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७१ ११ १ तयार गरी लागू गरिएको छ । 
 

विश्वमा अति उच्च मातृमृत्युदर भएका मुलुकहरु मध्ये नेपाल पनि एक हो । प्रति एकलाख जीवित जन्ममा औषत ५३९ जना महिलाहरुको मृत्यु हुने गरेको छ१ । मातृ मृत्यु अति उच्च हुनका कारणहरु मध्ये असुरक्षित गर्भपतन एउटा प्रमुख कारणको रुपमा रहेको छ । विभिन्न अध्ययन, अनुसन्धानहरुले पनि गर्भपतन र मातृ मृत्युदर बीच घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहेको देखाएका छन्  । अस्पतालमा आधारित एक अध्ययनबाट अस्पतालमा हुने कूल मृत्यु मध्ये आधा भन्दा वढी मातृ मृत्यु गर्भपतनका कारणले हुने गरेको ज्ञात हुन आएको छ२ । समुदायमा आधारित गर्भपतन सम्बन्धी अर्को अध्ययनका आधारमा नेपालमा लुकीछिपी गर्भपतन गराउने १५ वर्षदेखि ४९ वर्ष सम्मका महिलाहरुमा प्रति हजार ११७ मातृ मृत्यु रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ३ । स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयद्वारा मातृ मृत्युदर र रोगको चापका ९ःयचदष्मष्तथ० सम्बन्धमा गरिएको अध्ययनले अस्पत्ताल भर्ना हुने प्रसूति सम्बन्धी कूल विरामीहरु मध्ये ५४ प्रतिशत गर्भपतनका कारणले भर्ना हुने गरेको देखाएको छ४ ।

प्रस्तावनाः नेपालमा बालकहरुलाई बिफर आउन नदिनका लागि अनिवार्य रुपले खोपाउने व्यवस्था गर्न वाञ्छनीय भएकोले, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेवबाट राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायतको सल्लाह र सम्मतिले यो ऐन बनाईबक्सेकोछ । १. संक्षिप्त नाम, विस्तार र प्रारम्भ :

(१) यो ऐनको नाम “बिफर नियन्त्रण ऐन, २०२०” रहेकोछ ।

(२) यो ऐन नेपाल सरकारबाट समय समयमा नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित सूचनाद्वारा तोकिदिएको ठाउ“हरुमा तोकिएको मितिदेखि लागू हुनेछ ।

 २. परिभाषा ः विषय वा प्रस·ले अर्को अर्थ नलागेमा यस ऐनमा,–

(क) “बालक” भन्नाले १२ वर्ष पूरा नभएको व्यक्ति सम्झनु पर्छ । (ख) “स्थानीय क्षेत्र” भन्नाले नगरपालिका वा गाउ“ विकास समितिको नियन्त्रणमा रहेको क्षेत्रलाई सम्झनु पर्छ । (ग) “प्राथमिक खोप” भन्नाले बालकको पहिलो सफल खोप सम्झनु पर्छ ।

It has been documented that Nepal has a concentrated epidemic where most at risk populations presented HIV prevalence above 5%. Data generated through the systematic, ongoing collection of data through National HIV surveillance systems is necessary to understand the dynamics of the epidemic and enable appropriate responses.

This strategy is being developed as Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, has given high priority to promotive health services by specifying health education and information as an important area of its activities. The Ministry of Health and Population in its National Health Policy 1991 specifies, "One of the main reasons for the low health standards of the people is the lack of public awareness of health matters. Therefore, health education will be provided in an effective manner from centre to rural areas. For this, political workers, teachers, students, social organizations, women and volunteers will be mobilized extensively up to the ward level".  The Second Long Term Health Plan 1997-2017 (SLTHP) of the Ministry of Health clearly specifies the need for "effective IEC measures" to address public health issues including "the reduction of the prevalence of smoking" in Nepal. 

नागरिक राहत,क्षतिपूर्ति तथा आर्थिक सहायता सम्वन्धी कार्यविधि (दोश्रो संशोधन), २०७३ को दफा १३ मा रहेको विपन्न नागरिकलाई औषधि उपचार वापत आर्थिक सहायता उपलव्ध गराउन नेपाल सरकारले स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालय अन्तरगत एक छुट्टै कोष स्थापना गर्न सक्ने उल्लेख भएको हँुदा कोष गठन तथा संचालन गर्न वान्छनीय भएकोले नेपाल सरकार, स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयले यो निर्देशिका वनाई लागू गरेको छ ।

The WHO FCTC opened for signature on 16 June to 22 June 2003 in Geneva, and thereafter at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, the Depositary of the treaty, from 30 June 2003 to 29 June 2004. The treaty, which is now closed for signature, has 168 Signatories, including the European Community, which makes it the most widely embraced treaties in UN history. Member States that have signed the Convention indicate that they will strive in good faith to ratify, accept, or approve it, and show political commitment not to undermine the objectives set out in it. Countries wishing to become a Party, but that did not sign the Convention by 29 June 2004, may do so by means of accession, which is a one-step process equivalent to ratification.