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The promulgation of the Constitution of Nepal in 2015 declared Nepal as a Federal Democratic Republic and the unitary system of governance was replaced with a decentralized federal form of governance. As per the Constitution, the country is re-structured at three levels comprising the federal, state, and local level.

A Five-year National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) for the period between July, 1997 and June, 2002 was instrumental in initiating a new wave of IDD elimination efforts in the country. The Plan prioritized Universal Salt Iodization (USI) as the primary intervention to improve iodine status while reducing reliance on iodine supplementation, which had been in place earlier.

This report brings to bear new evidence on the benefits and costs of international banking. Countries that are open to international banking can benefit from global flows of funds, knowledge, and opportunity, but the regulatory challenges are complex and, at times, daunting.

The past three decades have witnessed some impressive advances in leprosy control. Elimination as a public health problem (i.e. registered prevalence below 1 per 10 000 population) was achieved in all countries1. The agenda of eliminating leprosy at the subnational level is still unfinished in many countries and will therefore continue to be pursued in the coming years.

क्षयरोगबाट प्रभावित व्यक्ति तथा समुदायसम्म क्षयरोगको गुणस्तरीय सेवामा सर्वव्यापी पहुँच वृद्धि गर्दै क्षयरोगलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न‘ राज्यको जिम्मेबारी हो।यही जिम्मवारी बहन गर्नका लागि यो राष्ट्रिय रणनीतिक योजना (ल्बतष्यलब िक्तचबतभनष्अ एबिलल्क्ए) तयार गरिएको हो। यस रणनीतिक योजनामा नेपालको संविधानको भावना, विद्यमान स्वास्थ्य नीति तथा रणनीतिहरू, क्षयरोग सम्बन्धी अन्तर्रा्िष्ट्रय प्रतिबद्धताहरू, क्षयरोगका बिरामी तथा प्रभावित समुदायको अधिकारहरूलाई आत्मसात गरिएको छ । यस रणनीतिका ेकार्यान्वयन नेपालको वर्तमान संङ्घीय व्यवस्था अनुसार स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको संरचना मातहत केन्द्र प्रान्त र स्थानीय तहमा राष्ट्रिय क्षयरोग नियन्त्रण कार्यक्रमको संरचना चुस्त बनाई कार्यक्रमको कार्यान्वयन गरी क्षयरोग सेवालाई सर्वव्यापी पहुँचमा पु¥याइनेछ ।

In accordance to the announcement of the House of Representative 2063, this act has been formulated within the first year of announcement to rehabilitate the people with mental disorders in the society by taking timely care of the mental diseases and safeguard the fundamental rights of persons with mental disorders.

Informative video of social service unit (SSU) on free Health Check Up Service for marginalized group under Ministry of Health and Population.

Planned development in Nepal began in 1956. From the beginning the main focus of national development policies has been on the development and expansion of basic physical infrastructure and social services. Around 70 per cent of the development budget funded under external aid programmes was invested in these core areas. Development partners have played a key role in helping plan policy and development goals, which tend to follow prevailing global paradigms and practices. Keeping with the global trends, the development paradigm prioritised growth over redistribution. It assumed that growth would subsequently trickle down to transform the lives of the downtrodden. 

नेपाल ई-हेल्थ रणनीति २०७४ (Nepal e-Health Strategy 2017)

National Strategic Plan (2006–2011) aims to contribute directly to the Millennium Development Goal (Halt and begin to reverse the increasing trend of HIV by 2015) through numbers of key strategies for Prevention; and Treatment Care and Support. Keeping in view of current low coverage and access to services, insufficient focus to treatment care and support as well as inadequate link between prevention and treatment care and support, the NSP (2006 – 2011) is designed in line with Universal Access target of 80% coverage with prevention, treatment, care and support services to Most-at-risk population and People living with HIV and AIDS. The NSP (2006 – 2011) is developed within the broader framework of the National HIV and AIDS Policy and 11-point guiding principles.

HIV in Nepal is characterized as concentrated epidemic. More than 80 percent HIV infections spread through heterosexual transmission. People who inject drugs, female sex workers (FSWs) and men having sex with other men (MSM) are the key populations at higher risk spreading the epidemic. Male labour migrants (particularly to HIV prevalence areas in India, where labour migrants often visit female sex workers) and clients of female sex workers in Nepal are acting as bridging populations that transmit infections from higher risk groups to lower risk general population.

Central to Nepal’s National HIV and AIDS Strategy 2006-2011 is the call to scale up universal access to prevention, treatment, care and support. This is a continuation of the National HIV and AIDS Strategy 2002-2006 that remains strongly in accordance with the aim to accelerate Nepal’s response to HIV and AIDS in order to stay ahead of the epidemic. To carry this out, a National Action Plan on HIV and AIDS 20062008 was developed through a multisectoral participative consultation. A successor plan is necessary for sustaining the gains achieved in past years, addressing the gaps and emerging challenges, and responding to the changing needs and realities that Nepal faces in relation to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.

After Nepal’s first case of HIV was diagnosed in 1988, the epidemic increased rapidly in the 1990s through injecting drug use. This was successfully brought under control. Although injecting drug use is still an important route of transmission of HIV in Nepal, the current major mode of HIV transmission is sexual, accounting for 85% of new infections. At the time of development of the National HIV Strategic Plan, at the end of 2015, there were an estimated 39 397 people living with HIV in Nepal, with an adult HIV prevalence of 0.2%. New HIV infections peaked in 2000 and then declined rapidly and significantly from over 7 500 in 2000 to 1 331 in 2015.

 As per the Nepal's interim constitution 2006, health is considered as a right of the people. The Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) in its Nepal National Health Sector Programme Implementation Plan (NHSP-II, 2010-2015) has a goal to improve the health and nutritional status of the Nepali population, especially for the poor and socially excluded. In the area of child health, it has a target to reduce under five mortalities to a level of 38 and infant deaths to 32 per 1,000 live births by 2015 with several interventions including: sustaining community based integrated management of childhood illness (CB-IMCI), maintaining immunization coverage above 90% and scaling up community based newborn care.

Every year globally, an estimated four million babies die before they reach the age of one month.  Nearly the same numbers die in late pregnancy or are stillborn and these deaths are rarely recorded.  Millions more are disabled because of poorly managed pregnancies, deliveries and neonatal care.  Deaths are far more likely to occur early in the neonatal period. This has been neatly summarized as the “two thirds rule” which states that approximately 2/3 of all deaths in the first year of life occurs in the first month of life. Of these deaths, approximately 2/3 occurs in the first week of life. Of these deaths, approximately 2/3 occurs in the first day of life.

Human beings need to have adequate nutrition to attain normal physical growth (in children) and for a healthy life. Adequate nutrition is a fundamental right for every human being. If people fail to consume sufficient quality and quantity of nutrients, they will suffer from hunger or malnutrition. Malnutrition takes a variety of forms. The main types of malnutrition seen in Nepal are protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, iron deficiency anemia and vitamin A deficiency. In particular malnutrition places an enormous burden on children and women. Even mildly or moderately malnourished children and women are more likely to be at high risk of death due to lack of resistance against common infectious diseases. The above types of malnutrition not only affect people’s health but also affect the quality of life and the development of the socio-economic situation in the country.

The Government of Nepal (GoN) has a long history of commitment to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes, most recently evidenced by the high priority given to the National Safe Motherhood Programme within the Nepal Health Sector Programme Implementation Plan (NHSP-IP 2004-2009).  Despite important gains over the past 15 years, the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates remain high (539 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births1 and neonatal mortality rate of 39/1000 live births1), largely due to the lack of skilled attendance at birth, as well as poor referral systems and lack of access to life-saving emergency obstetric care when complications occur.

Reproductive Health (RH) is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Reproductive Health therefore, implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and have the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this last condition are the rights of women and men Reproductive Health (RH) is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity to be informed of, and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, as well as other methods of their choice for regulation of fertility which are not against the law.

This revised National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Long Term Plan (NSMNH-LTP) 2006-2017 has been developed to be in line with the Second-Long Term Plan Health Plan (1997-2017), the Nepal Health Sector Programme Implementation Plan and Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The revision takes into account recent developments such as the increased specific emphasis on neonatal health, recognition of the importance of skilled birth attendance in reducing maternal and neonatal mortalities, health sector reform initiatives, legalisation of abortion, recognition of the significant levels of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS and increased emphasis on equity issues in safe motherhood services.

The estimation and projection conducted in 2013 estimated that Nepal has approximately 40,723 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and prevalence of HIV was 0.23%1. This also projected that the overall HIV epidemic in Nepal is on a decline. Modelling suggests that new infections continue to reduce from 1,437 in 2011 to 818 in 2015. The ART need in 2012 was projected to be 26,876 while 860 HIV positive pregnant women were estimated to require PMTCT services.

His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMGN) is committed to bringing about tangible changes in the health-sector development process. The aim is to provide an equitable, high quality health care system for the Nepalese people. Towards this aim, and in line with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, Millennium Development Goal and the Tenth Five-Year Plan 2002-7, HMGN has formulated the Health Sector Strategy: An Agenda for Reform 2003.

Malaria continues to be a public health priority in Nepal with a national aim of a malaria-free Nepal by 2026. The country has surpassed targets set by the Millennium Development Goals and is positioned to eliminate indigenous malaria transmission.  The  modified malaria strategic plan 2014-2025 presented here takes into consideration the results of  microstratification of malaria risk areas-2012, the midterm program review 2013, the current epidemiology and updated WHO guidelines, particularly for vector control and insecticide resistance management. This plan has inherent Government of Nepal’s commitment and seeks appraisal of external development partners, including the Global Fund, for possible external funding and technical assistance.

Advocacy plan provides comprehensive guidelines to the concerned advocacy group/s to concentrate their efforts to ensure change. It explains the major issue that need to be addressed by the advocates as the specific target area on which advocacy needs to be continued. The advocacy group/s should be clear on their goal and objectives that help them to be focused, persistent and to have patience in their efforts. Similarly, the advocacy group/s should also identify the advocacy partners who can influence the change and take collaborative actions.

मुख स्वास्थ्यलाई विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठनले मुख एवं अनुहारको दुखाई, मुख तथा घाँटीको क्यान्सर, मुखको संक्रमण, जन्मदै तालु तथा ओठ चिरेको (खुँडे), गिजा सम्वन्धी रोग, दाँत किराले खाने तथा झर्ने, दाँतमा प्वाल पर्ने तथा अन्य मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरुवाट मुक्त हुने अवस्थाको रुपमा व्याख्या गरेको छ । मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरुको रोकथाम गर्न सकिने भएता पनि विश्वभरिका धेरै मानिसहरु यस रोगवाट प्रभावित छन् । मुख सम्वन्धी रोगहरु विशेषगरी दाँत किराले खाने, गिजा सम्वन्धी रोग, मुखको क्यान्सर विकसित र अल्प विकसित सवै देशहरुमा जनस्वास्थ्य समस्याको रुपमा स्थापित भै सकेकोछ ।

आम नागरिकको स्वास्थ्य र देशको समग्र विकास बीच अन्योन्याश्रित सम्बन्ध हुन्छ । स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा भएका प्रगतिहरूलाई विकासका प्रमुख सूचकाङ्कहरूको रूपमा लिइन्छ । विगतका दशकमा गरिबी र द्वन्द्वका बावजुद पनि नेपालले स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा उल्लेखनीय सफलता हासिल गरेको छ ।  नेपालको संविधानले स्वास्थ्यलाई जनताको मौलिक हकको रूपमा स्थापित गरिसकेको सन्दर्भमा सङ्व्रmामक रोगहरू नियन्त्रणमा प्राप्त उपलब्धिहरूलाई कायम राख्नु,नवजात शिशु तथा मातृ मृत्युदरलाई वाञ्छित तहसम्म घटाउनु, बढ्दै गएको नसर्ने रोगको प्रकोप नियन्त्रण गर्नु र कुनै पनि बेला हुनसक्ने स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धि विपद् व्यवस्थापन तत्काल गर्नु, जेष्ठ नागरिक, शारीरिक र मानसिक अपाङ्गता भएका, एकल महिला, खास गरी गरिब, सीमान्तकृत र जोखिममा रहेका समुदायलाई  गुणस्तरीय स्वास्थ्य सेवा उपलब्ध गराउनु राज्यको दायित्व हो । जनउत्तरदायी एवं कुशल व्यवस्थापनको माध्यमबाट आवश्यक सबै स्रोत र साधनको अधिकतम् परिचालन गरी प्राप्त भएका उपलब्धिहरूको रक्षा गर्दै स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा  विद्यमान तथा नयाँ चुनौतीहरूलाई सही ढङ्गले सम्बोधन गरेर नागरिकको स्वास्थ्य प्रवद्र्धन, संरक्षण, सुधार र पुनस्र्थापन गर्न राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति , २०४८ लाई पूर्ण रुपले अद्यावधिक गर्दै राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७ राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य नीति, २०७१ ११ १ तयार गरी लागू गरिएको छ । 
 

विश्वमा अति उच्च मातृमृत्युदर भएका मुलुकहरु मध्ये नेपाल पनि एक हो । प्रति एकलाख जीवित जन्ममा औषत ५३९ जना महिलाहरुको मृत्यु हुने गरेको छ१ । मातृ मृत्यु अति उच्च हुनका कारणहरु मध्ये असुरक्षित गर्भपतन एउटा प्रमुख कारणको रुपमा रहेको छ । विभिन्न अध्ययन, अनुसन्धानहरुले पनि गर्भपतन र मातृ मृत्युदर बीच घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहेको देखाएका छन्  । अस्पतालमा आधारित एक अध्ययनबाट अस्पतालमा हुने कूल मृत्यु मध्ये आधा भन्दा वढी मातृ मृत्यु गर्भपतनका कारणले हुने गरेको ज्ञात हुन आएको छ२ । समुदायमा आधारित गर्भपतन सम्बन्धी अर्को अध्ययनका आधारमा नेपालमा लुकीछिपी गर्भपतन गराउने १५ वर्षदेखि ४९ वर्ष सम्मका महिलाहरुमा प्रति हजार ११७ मातृ मृत्यु रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ३ । स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयद्वारा मातृ मृत्युदर र रोगको चापका ९ःयचदष्मष्तथ० सम्बन्धमा गरिएको अध्ययनले अस्पत्ताल भर्ना हुने प्रसूति सम्बन्धी कूल विरामीहरु मध्ये ५४ प्रतिशत गर्भपतनका कारणले भर्ना हुने गरेको देखाएको छ४ ।

प्रस्तावनाः नेपालमा बालकहरुलाई बिफर आउन नदिनका लागि अनिवार्य रुपले खोपाउने व्यवस्था गर्न वाञ्छनीय भएकोले, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेवबाट राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायतको सल्लाह र सम्मतिले यो ऐन बनाईबक्सेकोछ । १. संक्षिप्त नाम, विस्तार र प्रारम्भ :

(१) यो ऐनको नाम “बिफर नियन्त्रण ऐन, २०२०” रहेकोछ ।

(२) यो ऐन नेपाल सरकारबाट समय समयमा नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित सूचनाद्वारा तोकिदिएको ठाउ“हरुमा तोकिएको मितिदेखि लागू हुनेछ ।

 २. परिभाषा ः विषय वा प्रस·ले अर्को अर्थ नलागेमा यस ऐनमा,–

(क) “बालक” भन्नाले १२ वर्ष पूरा नभएको व्यक्ति सम्झनु पर्छ । (ख) “स्थानीय क्षेत्र” भन्नाले नगरपालिका वा गाउ“ विकास समितिको नियन्त्रणमा रहेको क्षेत्रलाई सम्झनु पर्छ । (ग) “प्राथमिक खोप” भन्नाले बालकको पहिलो सफल खोप सम्झनु पर्छ ।

The investment plan for Nepal 2014-2016 emphasizes the importance of focusing on Key Affected Populations (KAP), then goes one step further to disaggregate relevant KAP into sub-populations, guided by infection risk dynamics and context.

This strategy is being developed as Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, has given high priority to promotive health services by specifying health education and information as an important area of its activities. The Ministry of Health and Population in its National Health Policy 1991 specifies, "One of the main reasons for the low health standards of the people is the lack of public awareness of health matters. Therefore, health education will be provided in an effective manner from centre to rural areas. For this, political workers, teachers, students, social organizations, women and volunteers will be mobilized extensively up to the ward level".  The Second Long Term Health Plan 1997-2017 (SLTHP) of the Ministry of Health clearly specifies the need for "effective IEC measures" to address public health issues including "the reduction of the prevalence of smoking" in Nepal.