Health lifestyles and Environment

क्षयरोगबाट प्रभावित व्यक्ति तथा समुदायसम्म क्षयरोगको गुणस्तरीय सेवामा सर्वव्यापी पहुँच वृद्धि गर्दै क्षयरोगलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न‘ राज्यको जिम्मेबारी हो।यही जिम्मवारी बहन गर्नका लागि यो राष्ट्रिय रणनीतिक योजना (ल्बतष्यलब िक्तचबतभनष्अ एबिलल्क्ए) तयार गरिएको हो। यस रणनीतिक योजनामा नेपालको संविधानको भावना, विद्यमान स्वास्थ्य नीति तथा रणनीतिहरू, क्षयरोग सम्बन्धी अन्तर्रा्िष्ट्रय प्रतिबद्धताहरू, क्षयरोगका बिरामी तथा प्रभावित समुदायको अधिकारहरूलाई आत्मसात गरिएको छ । यस रणनीतिका ेकार्यान्वयन नेपालको वर्तमान संङ्घीय व्यवस्था अनुसार स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको संरचना मातहत केन्द्र प्रान्त र स्थानीय तहमा राष्ट्रिय क्षयरोग नियन्त्रण कार्यक्रमको संरचना चुस्त बनाई कार्यक्रमको कार्यान्वयन गरी क्षयरोग सेवालाई सर्वव्यापी पहुँचमा पु¥याइनेछ ।

Over the past two decades, the high levels of maternal mortality in developing countries has increasingly been recognised as an urgent public health concern. The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is to improve maternal health, with the target of reducing the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters, by 2015. The Government of Nepal (GoN) is committed to achieving this goal and safe motherhood has been a national priority for Nepal.

नागरिक राहत,क्षतिपूर्ति तथा आर्थिक सहायता सम्वन्धी कार्यविधि (दोश्रो संशोधन), २०७३ को दफा १३ मा रहेको विपन्न नागरिकलाई औषधि उपचार वापत आर्थिक सहायता उपलव्ध गराउन नेपाल सरकारले स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालय अन्तरगत एक छुट्टै कोष स्थापना गर्न सक्ने उल्लेख भएको हँुदा कोष गठन तथा संचालन गर्न वान्छनीय भएकोले नेपाल सरकार, स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयले यो निर्देशिका वनाई लागू गरेको छ ।

The WHO FCTC opened for signature on 16 June to 22 June 2003 in Geneva, and thereafter at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, the Depositary of the treaty, from 30 June 2003 to 29 June 2004. The treaty, which is now closed for signature, has 168 Signatories, including the European Community, which makes it the most widely embraced treaties in UN history. Member States that have signed the Convention indicate that they will strive in good faith to ratify, accept, or approve it, and show political commitment not to undermine the objectives set out in it. Countries wishing to become a Party, but that did not sign the Convention by 29 June 2004, may do so by means of accession, which is a one-step process equivalent to ratification.

In 2000 the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and WHO set the goal of eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) by 2005 and drew up a strategic plan with this objective. MNT elimination is defined as the achievement of under one case of neonatal tetanus (NT) per 1000 live births annually in every district of a country. In 1990, by which date MNT had been eliminated in 76 developing countries, it was estimated that there were 560 000 cases. By 2000 there were estimated to be 238 000 cases, and 104 developing countries had achieved elimination

नेपाल सरकारले प्रत्येक गा.वि.स. स्तरमा स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरु मार्फत प्रतिकारात्मक, प्रवर्धनात्मक र उपचारात्मक स्वास्थ्य सेवाहरु जस्तैः खोप, परिवार नियोजन तथा सुरक्षित मातृत्व, क्षयरोग, कुष्ठरोग आदि निःशुल्क प्रदान गर्दै आएता पनि उपचारात्मक सेवातर्फ वर्षैभरीको लागि गुणस्तरीय औषधीको अभाव हुने तथा सर्वसाधारण विरामीहरुले दर्ता शुल्क तिर्नुपर्ने जस्ता कारणले गरीव, अतिगरीव, असहाय, अपांङ्ग, जेष्ठ नागरिक र महिला सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य स्वयंसेविका तथा ठूलो हिस्सा ओगटेका दुर्गम भेगका विरामीहरुले सेवाको उपभोग गर्न नपाई रहेको यथार्थलाई राज्यले महसुश गरी दोश्रो जन आन्दोलन २०६२÷६३ पछि गठित सरकारले सो मर्म अनुरुप राष्ट्रिय निशुल्क स्वास्थ्य सेवा कार्यक्रम लागु गरेको हो।

Over the last decade, Nepal has achieved significant progress in reducing the under five mortality rate. The reduction in under five mortality rates has been possible through effective child health programmes such as improved coverage and addition of newer vaccines in the national immunization programme, sustained high coverage with Vitamin A supplementation and deworming and expansion of the programme of community based integrated management of childhood illnesses.

This Collaborative Framework paves the road in strengthening working relationships between the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) at different levels resulting in a win-win for both partners. It is a milestone towards strengthening participatory development and local governance in the long-run. MoHP

Under-nutrition has been a long standing public health problem in Nepal. Forty-nine per cent of Nepali children have been suffering from chronic forms of malnutrition, i.e., stunting and about one fourth of Nepal women has low BMI (<18.5). In Nepal, 39 per cent of children are underweight, 13 percent are wasted and 42 percent are anaemic (NDHS 2006).