Health lifestyles and Environment

पानी जीवनको मूल आधार हो । मानिसलाई दैनिक करिव .....लिटर पानी आवश्यक पर्दछ । मानव जीवनकालागि पानीको उपलब्धता ,पर्याप्त, सुरक्षित तथा सुलभ हुनु जरुरी छ । संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ सुरक्षा परिषदले २६ जुलाई २०१० मा मानवीय स्वास्थ्य रक्षाको लागि सुरक्षित तथा स्वच्छ खानेपानीलाई मानव अधिकारको रुपमा घोषणा गरेको छ । विगत दुई दशक यता नेपालमा खानेपानीको पहँुचमा उल्लेखनीय सुधार भएको छ । खानेपानी तथा ढल निकास विभागको हालैको प्रतिवेदन अनुसार नेपालमा ८० प्रतिशत जनसंख्यालाई पानी उपलब्ध हुनेगरेको छ । जस मध्ये ५० प्रतिशत जनताले पाइपबाट वितरित पानी उपभोग गर्छन् ,जसको स्रोत ३० प्रतिशत मूलको तथा २० प्रतिशत सतही तथा भूमिगत रहेको छ । बाँकी ३० प्रतिशत हाते पम्पबाट र २० प्रतिशत परम्परागत स्रोत (इनार, कुवा, पँधेरो, खोला आदि० बाट उपभोग गर्छन् । खानेपानी सुक्ष्म जीवाणु बाट प्रदुषित हुने गर्दछ यी स्रोतहरुमध्ये सतही स्रोत सबैभन्दा बढी प्रदूषित हुने सम्भावना रहेको हुन्छ ।

In Nepal, the first case of AIDS was reported in 1988. The national HIV sentinel surveillance system has provided data that indicate there were around 60,018 people living with HIV/AIDS and 2958 AIDS related deaths by 2002. It is estimated that HIV prevalence is around 0.5 percent in the general adult population. Behavioral data shows a high potential for an increased spread of HIV from high-risk groups to the general population.

नेपालमा महामारी रोग बिफर उम्मुलन पश्चात् विस्तारित खोप आयोजनको नामबाट बि.स. २०३५ सालमा खोप सेवा प्रारम्भ भएको हो । हाल खोप सेवाले आमा र बच्चाहरूको रोग लाग्ने दर, अशक्तता हुने दर तथा मृत्यूदर घटाउन उल्लेख्य भूमिका खेलेको सर्वविदितै छ । एकातिर हामीले खोप सेवाको विस्तारसँगै यसको गुणस्तरीयता कायम गर्नु चुनौतीपूर्ण कार्य हो भने अर्कोतिर शतप्रतिशत लक्षित बालबालिकाहरूलाई खोप सेवा दिनु पनि त्यतिकै आवश्यकता छ । त्यसरी नै भ्याक्सिन उत्पादन भएदेखि सेवाग्राहीलाई सेवा दिंदासम्म यसका प्राविधिक प्रक्रियाहरू चरणबद्ध रूपमा पूरा गर्र्नु अपरिहार्य हुन आउँदछ ।

This programme is designed as a sequel to Part I–Training of VCT counsellors.  It is recommended that graduates of Part I complete at least six months of post-training clinical practice before undertaking Part II of the training.  This training package was prepared on behalf of the World Health Organization (SEARO) by the Albion Street Centre, Sydney, Australia and field tested.
 

The Asia and Pacific region, with around seven million people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, ranks second in the world, after sub-Saharan Africa for HIV prevalence. The region is vast and diverse. Countries have varied epidemiological patterns of HIV and AIDS with generalised versus concentrated, versus low level epidemics. Regional trends indicate dramatic increases in infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).1 Asia and Pacific currently account for about 20% of new annual HIV infections globally. Transmission routes vary country by country, with unprotected commercial sex, heterosexual sex, homosexual and bisexual sex, and sharing of injecting equipment among injecting drug use all playing a greater or lesser part.

The current human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection rates in Nepal are alarming with an estimated 60,000 Nepalese infected with the HIV virus, and more than 3000 people reported as having Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). About 26 % of the HIV infected are women.

STIs are one of the major public health problems in all countries, more so in developing countries where access to adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities are very limited or non-existent due mainly to poverty and ignorance. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common causes of illnesses in the world and have far reaching health, social and economic consequences. Timely diagnosis and treatment of STIs are important because of their magnitude, potential complications and their interaction with HIV.